Brainstorming

Below are photographs of our mind map for what to include in our documentary about sub-cultures. You can see we have included what music may influence them to be part of their sub-culture, what subcultures we may investigate, who we may interview, the influence the media has on youth sub-cultures in the UK, why they dress the way they do and who are target audience is.

Genre Analysis

Hillsborough

Type Of Documentary.

• Docu-Drama

Narrative Structure.

• Fully Scripted, narrative is put across by characters conversation.


• Multi-Strand.
  

Camerawork.

• Filmed as a drama


• Shot reverse Shot


• Establishing shots


• Close-ups


• extreme close up


• Pan shots


• Tracking
  
• Long shots

Themes

• Grief.



• Solidarity.
  


• Justice.



• City United.



• Grievances.



• Looking for someone to blame.

Mise-En-Scene.

• Filmed in numerous locations, Sheffield, Houses, Churches, Court Rooms, football ground.



• Natural lighting, gloomy, dark sombre. Links into the mood of the documentary.

Sound.

• Diegetic sound.



• Conversation.



• Non diegetic music (on occasions).

Editing.

• Smooth transitions.



• Non diegetic music.

Archive Material

• Press Photographs.
  


• BBC sport footage.
  

Graphics.

• Time, Date, Location.
  
  

The Marketing Of Meatloaf

Type Of Documentary

• Series Of Documentaries on the music business.



• Fly on the wall in parts (marketing meeting all around the board table)
  


• Mixed Documentary.
  
  

Themes.

• Music Industry.



• Marketing.



• Construction of an image.
  


• Manipulation of audience.



• Power of the media.

Narrative Structure.

• Voice-over.



• Non-Linear.



• Circular/Closed.
  


• Jargon used.



• Single Strand
  

Camerawork.

• Low angle long shots.



• Tracking/dolly shots used.



• Rule of thirds used in interviews.
  


• Interviewee positioned to the left or right.



• Handheld during red carpet events/press areas.



• Medium Close-up/Close-up during interviews.



• Panning & Zooming.
  


• P.O.V shots in marketing office and bookies.



• Extreme close-ups zooming out of magazine front covers.
  

Mise-En-Scene.

• Chromakey (screen behind interviewee changes).



• Video shoot.



• Awards ceremony links into what is being said during an interview.
  
  

Sound.

• Diegetic conversations & non diegetic voice-over.



• Jargon



• Narrator is sarcastic, mocking and opinionated.



• Narrator is male and uses standard english.



• Tense Music



• Meat Loaf songs.
  

Editing.

• Still images.



• Conventional editing.



• Lots of cuts.



• Dissolve from interviews.



• Fast motion (HMV).



• Slow motion (meat loaf concert).
  

Archive Material.

• Footage from Brit awards 1994.



• Slow motion Meat Loaf concert.



• Still images (magazines).



• Village People video.



• Behind the scenes of the video shoot.



• Top of the pops.



• News Footage.
  

Graphics.

• Name, Date, Time, Location & Status.



• Title of documentary moves across the screen.



• Graphics in white Sans serrif font.
  

The Devil Made Me Do It.

Type Of Documentary.

• Mixed Documentary.
  

Themes.

• Religion.



• Murder.
  


• Music.
  


• Cults.



• Youth Culture.



• Good vs Evil.



• Media.



• Does certain Genres of music influence crime?



• Anti-establishment (manson).



• Kids vs Parents.



• Generation Gap.

Narrative Structure.

• Interviews.
  


• Voice-over.



• Open Narrative.



• Non-Linear.



• Single Strand, to make
  

Camerawork.

• Handheld.



• Close-ups.



• Low angle during interview with marilyn manson making him seem suprior.



• Use of shadow(Dark, Ominous) .



• Long takes and shots whilst showing religous iconography.
  

Mise-En-Scene.

• Rule of Thirds during interviews.



• Shadow used during interviews to show 'evil'.



• Lighting is half light.



• Naturalistic lighting.
  

Sound.

• Voice-overs.



• Music (heavy metal).



• Translation.



• Choir music.



• Non-Diegetic voice-over used throughout.



• Opera Music.



• Acoustic Manson song at the end.
  

Editing.

• Cuts.



• Cutaways.



• Juxtaposition of cuts & cutaways.



• Long takes (cutaways).



• Montage.
  


• Quick cuts.



• Elliptical Editing-Fade balck up.

Archive Material.

• Funeral footage.



• Video recordings.



• Marily Manson press coverage.



• Still images.



• Marilyn Manson concerts.



• Italian talk show.



• Newspaper cuttings.



• American news.



• Marilyn manson music videos.



• Italian news footage
  

Graphics.

• Names, status, time & location.



• Subtitles. (mansons lyrics)



• Symbol in title.



• White sans seriff font.

Real Football Factories Yorkshire.

Type Of Documentary

• Series of Documentaries


• Mixed Documentary

Themes

• hooliganism.


• Policing

Narrative Structure

• Voice-over



• Closed

Camerawork

• Close-ups.
• Establishing shots.
• P.O.V shots.
• Panning & zooming.
• Hanheld camera.
• Rule of thirds.
• 2 shot with interviewer and interviewee.

Mise-En-Scene

• working class run down areas.
• Stereotypical areas.
• Pubs
• Police
• Factories
• Wasteland.
  

Sound

• Diegetic conversations, police sirens, chanting, shouting.
• narrator is dramatic.
• Male voice-over regional (cockney) accent.
• Opinionated.
• Indie, punk music, fits in with the stereotype/subculture.
  

Editing

• Cut-aways, juxtaposition of shots.
• Quick cuts, action.
• Not edited questions out in interviews.
• Still images, zoom out.
• Slow motion.

Archive Material

• News footage.
• CCTV.
• Newspaper cuttings.
• Still images.
  

Graphics

• Name and title under interviewee.
• White sans serrif font.

Scheduling

In todays lesson the class looked at the scheduling of tv programmes.
The clear segements for scheduling are: Breakfast, Daytime, Kids TV, Prime-time, Post-watershed.

The target audiences for these segements are:


Breakfast- Young children and working adults.
Daytime- Mums, unemployed and school children.
Kids TV- Children.
Prime time- Teenagers and families. Night- Late teenagers and adults.

Genres on TV: Reality TV, Soaps, Dramas, Comedy, Sitcoms, Game programmes etc.

Target audience for each channel:

BBC1- Mixed age (everyone) because we pay for the license fee.

BBC2 does not appeal to everyone, however is for mixed ages.

ITV is for adults such as This Morning and Rosemary & Thyme.

Channel4 is for the minority, not a huge range of people.

Five is for everyone/mixed age for example Milkshake!, Home and away and CSI.

Repeat schedulings:


BBC1 2-3%,

BBC2 50%+,

ITV 2-3%,

Channel4 50%+,

Five 50%+.

Watershed occurs from 9pm onwards. This is for late teens to adults to watch only. Watershed time is changing to 10pm as children are staying up later.

Inheritance: You put a program on after a established program to get their audience.

Pre-echo: Scheduling a program before a popular program, to get audience that are going to watch the popular program.

Hammocking: Inbetween two popular prgorams to inherit the target audience from the popular programs.

Audience fragmentation means channel loyalty is becoming an issue.

Purpose Of Documentaries

The purpose of a documentary is to give a realistic picture of some aspect of life or work of a technical nature. Depicting both sides or many sides of a situation from the point of view of the people in a certain situation with different roles and so having a different story of the same subject. Uses actual footage or reconstructions to get the point acrosss. Can us a narrators voiceover to anchor the meaning or rely on the participants themselves, with the occasional interjection by an unseen narrator.

Documentaries are not just about facts. Instead facts are used to create socially critical arguments. Thereby inviting the audience to draw their own conclusions.

Features Of Documentaries.
Observation sequences of observation, programme makers pretend the camera is on scene or ignored by people taking part.

Types Of Documentary.

Drama Documentary- Dramatise research so stimulating interest in issues through empathy with characters. I.e Hillsborough.

Fly On The Wall- Camera crew work as unobtrusive as possible. No camera or narration interference allows viewers to come to their own conclusions. A study of individuals or institutions, characterised by close and detailed observation and the questionability of the recording team. Avoids voiceovers & commentary. Indirect address to the audience. Relatively long takes. Diegetic sound. Focus on specific individuals.

Docusoap- Hybrid-combination of styles. Follow group of characters for entertainment. I.e Airport. Focuses on entertainment. Soap like structure, several interweaving plotlines.

Fully Narrated- Use of off-screen voiceover & the voiceover is used to make sense of the visuals on screen. The narrator always seems quite authorative.

Mixed- They use a combination of interview, observation and narration to advance the argument. The narrator is often on-screen.

Self Reflexive- The makers of the documentary gives his/her thoughts or angle on a subject. Subjects of the documentary acknowledge the presence of the camera and often speak to the film maker directly. They make a point of drawing attention to the film makers role in cinstructing a view of reality.

Visuals- Archive footage, street scenes, open countryside and close-up of faces are just some of the stock materials used to suggest the intended meaning or emitional qualities of a particular theme.

Interviews- An interview can be held anywhere but the setting does effect the meaning. They normally begin with factual questions first. They do this to put the interviewee at ease then they can ask more emotional and personal questions at the end.

Vox Pops- Technique consists of street interviews of the general public, with each person being asked the same question. Answers are then put together in a fast sequence. They are good for suggesting a general agreement or diversity of opinion.

Narrative Conversations- Documentaries rely heavily on traditional conversation of narrative i.e Beginning, middle & end.

Begining- Central question of the documentary can be posed at the beginning in an intreging way. Most dramamtic pieces of action footage can also be placed at the start or some quick cuts in cinflict with eachother can get the audiences attention.

Middle- Often examines the issue in human terms focusing on people and their opinions and conflict is strengthened. However aparentally conflicting evidence may be intoduced but all complications must eventually support the exposition (line of argument).

End- Exposition is fully aparent by the end. The audience has no doubts about what the programme is saying and there may even be a course of action the audience can take to address the problem.

Codes & Conventions of filming & editiong interviews

We watched documentaries on Jaws & The Simpsons and made notes on how they use the codes & conventions of filming & editing interviews.








Questions edited out.

Informal dress.

Footage from film.

Anchorage text to show audience interviewee title.

Cut away shots to still image, animation, to break up the interview. To avoid jump cuts when questions are edited out. Also usually archive footage, or a clip which is suggested by something said in interview and therefore filmed after the interview.

Interviewee eyeline upper third of screen.

Interviewee positioned to 1 side of the camera, interviewer is positioned on the opposite side of the camera to the interviewee.

Backdrop relates to what the interviewee is talking about. This provides the viewer with more information about their occupation and environment.

No light source from behind the interviewee.

Quick Cuts.

Past Tense.

Voice over.